The concentration of Kazakhstan's oil production on three megaprojects continues to grow. The TOP-3, including Tengizchevroil (TCO; Tengiz and Korolevskoye fields), the North Caspian Operating Company consortium (NCOC; Kashagan, Kairan and Aktokty fields) and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KRO, Karachaganak field) concentrated 66% of the country's production by the end of...
