Kazakhstan's foreign trade turnover reached $90.3 billion in January–August 2025, 2.1% lower than the same period in 2024. Foreign trade saw lower export earnings alongside sustained import growth, resulting in the trade balance surplus shrinking to $10.1 billion (a 28.8% year on year decrease). The export structure remains focused on raw commodities and a limited number of partners—primarily EU countries (including Italy), China, and Russia, while imports heavily...
